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A project implemented on the district of Kubu, Karangasem and island
of Nusa Penida, Bali Province. These are the poorest districts in Bali
in cooperation with ICCO, The Netherlands. The population of these
districts lives is below poverty line.
Poverty, among others, often
triggers tension and conflict between religion and ethnicity, and
violence against women. Although belongs to the province of Bali, but
nothing compared to the economy of other districts on Bali. The project
status to be implemented in Kubu district, Karangasem Regency is a new
project, and not the prolongation of the former existing project.
Whereas the project to be implemented in Nusa Penida is the existency of
the former project for consolidation stage of intervention.
Developments in Bali have been positively influenced by its location close to Java, the economic and political centre of Indonesia. To that should be added Bali�s unique potential as a tourist area and its strategic location for the development of East Indonesia. So far, Bali could indeed be seen as an island of peace and harmony within the turmoil on Indonesia�s political and economic scene.
However, things are changing and by far not every district is
benefiting from the Island�s general development. Not only has the
tragedy of September 11, 2001 with its aftermath clearly affected the
tourist sector and led to a drastic reduction in the number of visitors
after the first and second bomb blasts. Bali is also paying a high price
for its increasing prosperity. Its enormous economic potential has
attracted many outside unemployed and investors from outside Bali caused
crisis and by political uncertainty (unsecured) reasons in Java.
Influential outside unemployed or job seekers from outside Bali,
entrepreneurs and outside capital have to an important extent taken over
the control over the Balinese economy. The economic crisis on Indonesia
has further led to a considerable migration of poor and jobless
Javanese and a subsequent pressure on the labour market and increase of
insecurity.
Indonesia has a well established tradition of
development plans that are formulated at the national, provincial and
district level. These plans are implemented by an important number of
government departments. The quality of these departments varies heavily.
In general it is low in the more remote areas of Indonesia because of a
lack of qualified human resources. The lack of motivation and an
important level of corruption further decrease their performance as do
the effects of the 1997 economic and financial (and subsequently
political) crisis which are felt till to date.
Poverty, among
others, often triggers tension and conflict between different religions
and tribes, and violence against women in the household.
The project will be implemented in the poorest districts on the eastern-part of Bali.
More
specifically, the project will be implemented in the district of Kubu,
Karangasem regency, which lies in the east of the island of Bali, and in
the Island of Nusa Penida. The population is still lives below the
poverty line.
Both district having almost the same climatic
characteristics. The climatic and topographic conditions in the
districts are very dry (42 days of rainfall only; dry season of six
months) and unfertile area. It is a hilly area and land degradation has
become widespread because of intensive cultivation and poorly adapted
agricultural practices. Water is very scarce in the dry season.
Social
services (education, health, drinking water) are of low quality and in
some cases still unavailable. There is, for instance, no hospital in the
District, and limited doctors to serve people. Nearly 70 % of the
population is illiterate or has only finished primary school. Women are
less educated than men.
The dry and non fertile geographic condition of Kubu District,
Karangasem Regency, Bali, and the lower educational level, and also the
lack of employment sector have spread the poverty in the said area. The
lower educational level and skill posessed also cause people is less
competable to obtain the job outside the region. This condition is
worsened by the location of several isolated villages to cause the
deficiency of various basic needs, such as fresh water, healthy food,
and appropriate education.
The main living of Kubu people,
Karangasem is mainly in agriculture and animal husbandry. They usually
cultivate the seasonal plants, such as legumes, cassava, corn, etc. for
their agriculture. The harvest of these kind of plants are not optimal
due to the relative dry geographical condition, stony and sandy land,
and less water supply, mainly in dry season. In animal husbandry sector,
people breed chickens, cows, sheeps, and pigs in small scale. In
addition, people also produce sugar palm & tuak (fermented palm
wine). People usually sell their cattle each year to pay the tax and to
meet their daily living. Their dependency on that sector cause the
relative lower income. This influence the inappropriate housing
construction, no personal and environmental health consideration, and
non-affordable education.
Karangasem regency is the only regency in Bali included as
underdeveloped or poor regency. One of districts occupies the coastal
area and included as a poor area is Kubu district. Kubu district
occupies 234.72 km2, divided into 9 villages, namely Ban, Dukuh, Kubu,
Tulamben, Baturinggit, Sukadana, Tianyar Timur,Tianyar Tengah and
Tianyar Barat. Out of the said 9 villages, 7 of hem (except Ban and
Dukuh) are coastal villages a long approximately 24.4 km length. Total
population in Kubu district is recorded of 67,559 people, namely 33,731
male and 33,828 female. According to the government data, out of the
said total population, Kubu district has a total Rumah Tangga Miskin
(RTM = poor household) of 7,833 Heads of Familiy, or 27,762 population.
Total RTM in Karangasem district from the highest educational level of
their heads of family is SD/MI (Elementary School), and Kubu District is
the highest, namely of 7,646 RTM (20.71%). Moreover, there is still
possibility that the actual RTM is higher than 20.71% since the local
government tends to decrease the local poverty rate, and to increase the
advanced rate.
Both, Kubu district and Nusa Penida belongs
administratively to Bali province, but lags considerably behind as far
as its development is concerned. It has not the same ecological richness
as most districts on Bali-land and, hence, has not benefited from the
tourist development on the main island. Contrary to other districts on
Bali, Kubu district and Nusa Penida are dry (42 days of rainfall only;
dry season of six months) and unfertile area. Nusa Penida is a hilly
island where irrigation is not possible and land degradation has become
widespread because of intensive cultivation and poorly adapted
agricultural practices. No irrigation exists and water is very scarce in
the dry season. The lack of economic perspectives has led to
considerable migration to Bali and other parts of Indonesia.
Optional opportunities towards those issues encountered in critical land and coastal areas:
(1)
to improve the agricultural product processing and also sugar palm and
tuak (fermented palm wine) production, as currently produced by the
local people. The other prospective market opportunities of agricultural
product processing are peanuts, cashew nuts, and also lontar (palmyra
palm) leaves production as the raw material for plaiting handicrafts
and literary production;
(2) to improve the importance of
business opportunity of cash crops (vegetables, mangoes, oranges, other
fruits, coconuts, candle nuts, cashew nuts) and of good market
opportunity production, such as vegetables, fruits;
(3) to develop
the significantly potential cattle and pig breeding on critical land
both on inland hilly- and coastal-areas, provided that it is accompanied
with the development of qualified forage production to support the said
activities;
(4) to develop women�s important role in home
industry and handicraft sectors. Women activities on critical land and
coastal areas that not directly related to land ownership may be
developed to increase their income sources. (1) One of handicraft
sectors, for example, the traditional hand woven may be developed
through craftswoman groups. The more qualified and large quantities raw
material purchasing for group members will be cheaper and more effective
than individual purchasing in a small quantity. The designs may be more
variably developed to meet the market trend, product allocation
(souvenirs, functional goods, accessories), and proper location
(housing, offices, hotels, shops). Quality control improvement to allow
products� competitive power should also be conducted. (2) The other
prospective home industries which refer to business opportunities
developed in critical land and coastal areas are to increase women�s
income and also their roles in economic sector, namely of sea product
processing and salt production.
In view of the above problems, the project in Kubu district on Karangasem regency and Nusa Penida Island will concentrate on:
�
Introducing the appropriate measures for a more sustainable farming
system in input supply (seeds for appropriate, good quality plants), for
possibly practicing organic system plant disease prevention, and for
good quality and market price output;
� Economic diversification
by the development of new activities in social forestry field, animal
production, home industries and trading. These activities should also
provide opportunities to women to engage in economic undertakings and
improve their position;
� Improving marketing of marine products and agro business processing products;
� Capacity building at target group level (formation and support of self-help groups);
�
Improving the position and role of coastal women by involving them in
economic activities, especially in home industries of sea and
agricultural product processing, salt production, handicrafts including
the hand-woven.
Project beneficiaries will consist of:
Individuals
or groups of the poor with potential background for community based
economic development activities in rural areas, having income below the
regional minimum rate, and periodically face difficulties to fulfil
their basic needs . Their basic interest is to achieve a decent standard
of living through the provision of basic services and better existing
natural resources utilization. Groups to be involved in this project
are: farmers, fishermen, and women. Based on the interest of their
members, the groups may serve as a pre-cooperation, with changeable
status in the future to become the real cooperation. Small enterprises
(SEs) development intervention or entrepreneurship intervention will be
applied to train and customize people in running their businesses. At
least 90 % of the project beneficiaries chosen are having income below
the provincial average, at the start of the project support, and at
least 40 % of them will be women.
Around 900 beneficiaries (men
and women) will be directly involved in the project. The beneficiaries
will be organized in self-help groups in rural areas, namely: farmers,
fishermen, trader, and crafts.
The involvement of the target group in the different project phases
The project beneficiaries will be involved in almost all stages of the project:
� Project planning and design.
� Project start up.
� The implementation phase
� Monitoring and evaluation
Expected Outcome and Impact
The project wants to contribute to the following goals (overall objectives):
� An increase income of target groups;
� Increased role of women in economic activities;
�
An improvement of the socio-economic position of its target groups and
hence, a reduction of the economic intra- and inter-regional imbalances;
� An increase of rewarding employment opportunities;
�
The creation and strengthening of autonomous target group organisations
that are able to effectively promote and defend the rights of their
members and to perpetuate the development momentum created by the
project;
� To create and protect better environment that can
support sustainable development through it�s agriculture and micro/small
enterprises activities.
The project approach start from the principles of partnership and
self-initiative, and use an interactive approach. Interested parties
have to contact the project first. The project approach focuses in first
instance on group formation. In areas with a low development level,
groups are indeed considered as the most appropriate medium for the
introduction of change. Intensive training and awareness raising allow
the group members to analyse their situation, detect their own
weaknesses and potential and define measures for improvement. Technical
training courses supplement their skills. Groups are then intensively
followed up; progress and constraints are regularly monitored and
corrective measures identified. Other parties (government services,
universities, private sector, etc.) are included in the process where
relevant.
The project will be entirely implemented by local
staff. Most of them dispose of extensive experience in these fields,
among others via the implementation of past projects.
Hereafter
we present the key activities of the project, provide some technical
details on some selected activities and give some indications on the
sequence of their implementation.
The key activities of the project centre in first instance around the capacity building of the target group in different ways. Major activities are undertaken to increase the knowledge and skills at both the individual and group level so that they are better prepared to defend their interests in an increasingly competitive environment. Capacity building is reached through well elaborated training activities and by regular on site consultation, guidance and monitoring. Exchange visits and leadership training further enforce this process. In line with the recommendations of the recently conducted evaluations, the project will use an approach that goes beyond the functional level and will support the groups to take up a broader role as village level development institutions.
Training activities of both individual entrepreneurs and members of self-help groups are crucial to the project�s success. The training approach and follow-up will be extensively described under next point below. The following training courses will be organised:
Most training courses will be provided by DPF staffs who have
gained experience in this regard; they will be complemented by external
resource persons (for instance entrepreneurs) who can bring in
experience DPF staff cannot dispose of. The internal training workshops
will be conducted by external trainers.
Technical Activities in Kubu District:
Technical Activities in Nusa Penida Island:
